Electric battery.



Patented June 28, 1904 UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.k

PIERRE JOSEPH KAMPERDYK, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC BATTERY. Y,

SPECIFICATION forming part' of Letters Patent No. 763,674, dated June 28, 1904.

Application filed October 14, 1903.

To all 1071/0771, it 71mg/ concern:

Be it known that L PIERRE JOSEPH -KAM- rEEDYII, a subject of the King of Belgium, residing in the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electric Batteries, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to primary cells, and more particularly to the construction of the carbon electrodes and their disposition relatively to the other parts of the cells.

The object of the invention is to provide a carbon electrode in which great superficial area may be obtained with little resistance, thus offering a maximum depolarizing-surface while occupying comparatively little space and permitting the size of the cell to be reduced without correspondingly lessening the output.

The invention consists in certain novel arrangements of parts and details of construction by which the above objects are attained, to be hereinafter described.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and show preferred forms of the invention.

Figure l is a plan view of a battery-cell equipped with what I consider the best Aform of my improved carbon electrode. Fig. 2 is a corresponding transverse vertical section. Fig. 3 is an end view of a portion of one of the electrodes on a larger scale, and Eig. t is a corresponding side view. Eig. 5 is a horizontal section, on a still larger scale, showing a detail of construction; and Eig. 6 is a corresponding vertical section. Fig. 7 is an end view similar to Fig. 3, but showing a modified form;` and Fig. 8 is a corresponding section on the line 8 8 in the preceding figure. Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse section showing another modilication, and Fig. lO is a similar view showing still another form.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures where they occur.

A is the containing vessel of rectangular form, and B B B are three porous cups, shown as open shells, having their lower ends closed by embedding them in a layer of suitable cement in the bottom of the vessel, but which may be of the usual or any approved form Serial No. 177,020. (No model.)

and of any suitable material. The outer cups are shown as having the side omitted next the adjacent wall of the vessel A, and all are held in position by distance-pieces B2, placed between them, as shown, and provided with openings in which the negative-pole electrodes O, shown as two iiat zinc plates, are received and held close to the walls of the cups, but out of contact therewith. The cups are supplied with a depolarizing liquid and the surrounding space contains the exciting liquid in which the zinc plates are immersed. A positive-pole electrode is presented to each face of each zinc plate, the central cup B containing two Y positive-pole electrodes and the cups Bl B' each containing one.

In all the prior forms of carbons known to me the resistance offered tothe passage ofthe current from a given point in the mass to the pole or metallicconductor increases in proportion to the distance traversed and is due to thespecific resistance of the material. The main object of the present invention is to lessen this resistance by so disposing a conductor relatively to the mass of carbon as to reduce as far as practicable the distance to be traversed through the mass. This may be accomplished in several ways. Eine filings of incorrodible metal maybe added to the earbon in the mass, or wires of any conducting metal may be introduced and protected against corrosion by dipping the carbon thus constructed in melted parafn, thus closing the pores and protecting the wires, or wires of incorrodible metal K may be used, or wires of copper or other good conducting metal covered with a platingrof incorrodible metal may be employed, or a combination of two or more of the above methods may be used together.

Referring to Figs. l to 6, inclusive, D/ D are copper wires coated, as at d, with an incorrodible metal, as platinum, inclosed in small masses of carbon D, (shown as balls IOO having bitumen or gutta-percha. as its base. rIhe carbon electrodes rest on thc layer A/ of bitumen or other cement in the bottom of the vessel and stand as near as practicable to the walls of the cups, so as to reduce as much as possible the distance between the carbons and zines and correspondingly lessen the internal resistance of the cell. The pencils thus formed are arranged in rows parallel with each other and with the face of the Zinc plate, and the several upper plates D2 are connected together by the wires D* D;j to form the positive pole of the cell. rIhe balls D rest one upon the other and preferably fit. snugly on the wires to insure Contact. Each pencil or series of balls is closely adjacent to the next in the same row and to its immediate neighbors in adjacent rows, but are held sufficiently separated to permit the depolarizing liquid to circulate freely, the globular form allowing the beads or balls forming the pencils to be very nearly in contact and still oder open channels of suiiicient area to permit the required circulation and reaction.l

In Fig. 7 I have shown the series of balls as replaced by solid pencils D, of carbon, formed on cores of wire similar to the wires D. rI`his form has certain advantages of strength and stability; but the pencils must be placed relatively farther apart than the pencils of balls in order to insure the required space for circulation.

Fig. 9 showsa porous cupin which is placed .sheets or plates D7 of incorrodible conducting metal or of protected metal, the space between the sheets and between the latter and the walls of the cup being filled with balls or beads D8, and in Fig. l() a framework of wires D9, of similar metal joined together, is placed in a porous cup, which is then filled with carbon balls D10 or small masses of carbon. In both these forms of the invention a maximum of surface is secured; but the interstices through which the depolarizing vliquid must circulate are restricted. In these forms, and in the others, filings of incorrodible metal may be mixed with the carbon to increasethe conductivity.

Although I have shown the beads as globular and prefer that form as giving the greatest surface with the least volume and the greatest attainable circulating-space, it will be understood that the beads may be cylindrical, spheroidal,or of other regular or irregular shapes.

The arrangement of containing vessel and porous cups is a preferable one, but is not essential to this invention. Any preferred forms of receptacles may be employed, and their arrangement may be varied as desired.

I claim l. An electrode comprising a plurality of bead-like masses of carbon, and a metallic conductor proof against corrosion. inclosed in said masses. v

2. An electrode comprising a plurality of perforated globular masses of carbon, and'a conducting-wire proof against corrosion extending through the perfor-ations in said masses and supporting the latter.

3. An electrode composed of pencils arranged close together, each of said pencils comprising a conducting-wire proof against corrosion, inclosed in carbon.

4. An electrode composed of pencils arranged elose together, each of said pencils comprising a conducting-wire proof against corrosion, and a plurality of globular masses of carbon perforated and strung on said wire.

5. An electrode composed of carbon in a number of small masses, and an incorrodible conductor arranged to Contact with such masses.

6. A positive-pole electrode composed of a plurality of parallel rows of carbon pencils, and a conducting-wire inclosed in each of said pencils and protected against corrosion, the said wires performing the double function of supporting the carbon and increasing the conductivity of the pencils, wherebya great number of pencils of small diameter may be mounted in a given space and the depolariZing-surface correspondingly increased.

7 A positive-pole electrode composed of a series of pencils of carbon arranged in rows, Iconducting-wires inclosed in said pencils and proof against corrosion, in combination with plates of conducting material protected against corrosion, to which the ends 'of said Wires are attached.

8. In a primary battery, a containing vessel, one or more porous cups, and one ormore flat plates of Zinc serving as negative-pole electrodes, in combination with one or more positive-pole electrodes composed of pencils of carbon arranged in rows parallel with each other and with the plane of said plates.

9. An electrode comprising a wire of conducting metal having a coating of incorrodible material thereon, in combination with a series of globular masses of carbon perforated to receive said wire and strung thereon.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

PIERRE JOSEPH KAMPERDYK.

lafitnesses:

T. DAwNUs, CHARLES It. SEARLE.

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